When Did the National Gallery of Art Become Free
 | |
 | |
| Location in Washington, D.C. Show map of Washington, D.C. National Gallery of Art (the United States) Show map of the United States | |
| Established | 1937 (1937) |
|---|---|
| Location | National Mall betwixt 3rd and 9th Streets at Constitution Artery NW, Washington, DC, 20565, National Mall, Washington, D.C. |
| Coordinates | 38°53′29″Due north 77°01′12″West / 38.89139°N 77.02000°W / 38.89139; -77.02000 Coordinates: 38°53′29″North 77°01′12″W / 38.89139°N 77.02000°Westward / 38.89139; -77.02000 |
| Collection size | 75,000 prints |
| Visitors | 1,704,606 (2021) - Ranked sixth globally[ane] |
| Managing director | Kaywin Feldman |
| President | Mitchell Rales |
| Chairperson | Sharon Rockefeller |
| Public transit access |  Washington Metro:  Judiciary Foursquare   archives    Smithsonian  L'Enfant Metrobus: 4th Street and 7th Street NW DC Circulator: quaternary Street and Madison Bulldoze; 9th Street and Constitution Avenue NW |
| Website | nga.gov |
The National Gallery of Art, and its fastened Sculpture Garden, is a national art museum in Washington, D.C., United States, located on the National Mall, betwixt 3rd and ninth Streets, at Constitution Artery NW. Open to the public and gratuitous of accuse, the museum was privately established in 1937 for the American people past a joint resolution of the United states of america Congress. Andrew W. Mellon donated a substantial fine art collection and funds for construction. The core collection includes major works of art donated by Paul Mellon, Ailsa Mellon Bruce, Lessing J. Rosenwald, Samuel Henry Kress, Rush Harrison Kress, Peter Arrell Browne Widener, Joseph E. Widener, and Chester Dale. The Gallery'southward collection of paintings, drawings, prints, photographs, sculpture, medals, and decorative arts traces the development of Western Art from the Middle Ages to the present, including the just painting by Leonardo da Vinci in the Americas and the largest mobile created by Alexander Calder.
The Gallery'southward campus includes the original neoclassical Due west Edifice designed by John Russell Pope, which is linked cloak-and-dagger to the modernistic East Building, designed by I. Grand. Pei, and the 6.ane-acre (25,000 thou2) Sculpture Garden. The Gallery oft presents temporary special exhibitions spanning the earth and the history of art. It is one of the largest museums in North America.
For the breadth, scope, and magnitude of its collections, the National Gallery is widely considered to be ane of the greatest museums in the The states of America, often ranking aslope the Metropolitan Museum of Art and Museum of Mod Art in New York City, the Fine art Establish of Chicago in Chicago, Illinois, and the Museum of Fine Arts in Boston, Massachusetts. Of the top iii art museums in the Us past annual visitors, it is the only i that has no admission fee. in 2021 it attracted 1,704,606 visitors, and ranked fifth on the list of most visited fine art museums in the world.[two]
History [edit]
Origins [edit]
Andrew Westward. Mellon, Pittsburgh banker and Treasury Secretarial assistant from 1921 until 1932, began gathering a private collection of old master paintings and sculptures during World War I. During the late 1920s, Mellon decided to direct his collecting efforts towards the establishment of a new national gallery for the U.s..
In 1930, partly for tax reasons, Mellon formed the A. W. Mellon Educational and Charitable Trust, which was to be the legal possessor of works intended for the gallery. In 1930–1931, the Trust fabricated its first major acquisition, 21 paintings from the Hermitage Museum in Saint petersburg as office of the Soviet sale of Hermitage paintings, including such masterpieces as Raphael's Alba Madonna, Titian'southward Venus with a Mirror, and Jan van Eyck'south Annunciation.
In 1929 Mellon had initiated contact with the recently appointed Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, Charles Greeley Abbot. Mellon was appointed in 1931 equally a Commissioner of the Institution'south National Gallery of Fine art. When the manager of the Gallery retired, Mellon asked Abbot not to appoint a successor, equally he proposed to endow a new building with funds for expansion of the collections.
However, Mellon's trial for taxation evasion, centering on the Trust and the Hermitage paintings, caused the program to be modified. In 1935, Mellon appear in The Washington Star his intention to establish a new gallery for former masters, separate from the Smithsonian. When asked by Abbot, he explained that the projection was in the easily of the Trust and that its decisions were partly dependent on "the mental attitude of the Government towards the souvenir".
In January 1937, Mellon formally offered to create the new Gallery. On his birthday, 24 March 1937, an Human activity of Congress accepted the drove and building funds (provided through the Trust), and approved the construction of a museum on the National Mall.
The new gallery was to be effectively self-governing, not controlled past the Smithsonian, but took the old name "National Gallery of Art" while the Smithsonian'southward gallery would be renamed the "National Drove of Fine Arts" (at present the Smithsonian American Art Museum).[3] [four] [5]
Construction and later history [edit]
The museum stands on the former site of the Baltimore and Potomac Railroad Station, where in 1881 a disgruntled office seeker, Charles Guiteau, shot President James Garfield (see James A. Garfield assassination).[6] The station was demolished in 1908 because information technology did not conform to the McMillan Plan for the Mall. In 1918, temporary war buildings were constructed on the site; these were demolished past 1921 to construct the foundation of the George Washington Memorial Building, which was never completed. The site was then reassigned to the new National Gallery of Art.[7]
Designed past architect John Russell Pope, the new structure was completed and accepted past President Franklin D. Roosevelt on behalf of the American people on March 17, 1941. At the time of its inception it was the largest marble construction in the world. Neither Mellon nor Pope lived to see the museum completed; both died in tardily Baronial 1937, only ii months after earthworks had begun.[6]
Every bit anticipated by Mellon, the cosmos of the National Gallery encouraged the donation of other substantial fine art collections by a number of private donors. Founding benefactors included such individuals as Paul Mellon, Samuel H. Kress, Rush H. Kress, Ailsa Mellon Bruce, Chester Dale, Joseph Widener, Lessing J. Rosenwald and Edgar William and Bernice Chrysler Garbisch.
The Gallery's Eastward Building was constructed in the 1970s on much of the remaining country left over from the original congressional activity. Andrew Mellon'southward children, Paul Mellon and Ailsa Mellon Bruce, funded the building. Designed by architect I. M. Pei, the contemporary structure was completed in 1978 and was opened on June one of that year past President Jimmy Carter. The new building was built to house the Museum'southward drove of modernistic paintings, drawings, sculptures, and prints, equally well as study and research centers and offices. The design received a National Honor Award from the American Establish of Architects in 1981.
The terminal addition to the complex is the National Gallery of Art Sculpture Garden. Completed and opened to the public on May 23, 1999, the location provides an outdoor setting for exhibiting a number of large pieces from the Museum's gimmicky sculpture collection.
In 2011, an all-encompassing refurbishment and renovation of the French galleries were undertaken. As part of the celebration of the reopening of this wing, organist Alexander Frey performed iv sold-out recitals of music of France in one weekend in the French Gallery.
Operations [edit]
The National Gallery of Art is supported through a individual-public partnership. The United States federal government provides funds, through almanac appropriations, to back up the museum's operations and maintenance. All artwork, too as special programs, are provided through private donations and funds.[8] The museum is not part of the Smithsonian Institution.
Noted directors of the National Gallery accept included David Due east. Finley, Jr. (1938-1956), John Walker (1956–1968), and J. Carter Chocolate-brown (1968–1993). Earl A. "Rusty" Powell Three was named director in 1993. In March 2019 he was succeeded by Kaywin Feldman, past director and president of the Minneapolis Found of Fine art.[9] [10] The museum hired Evelyn Carmen Ramos, the first adult female and the first person of color to be the primary curatorial and conservation officer, in 2021.[11]
The president of the museum is billionaire man of affairs Mitchell Rales and its chairperson is Sharon Rockefeller.[12]
Entry to both buildings of the National Gallery of Fine art is free of charge. The museum is open daily from x a.1000. – 5 p.grand. It is airtight on December 25 and Jan 1.[13]
During the COVID-19 pandemic, the National Gallery was largely closed to the public. Still, visitors were able to schedule appointments to access the westward building in small numbers.[14]
Architecture [edit]
Exhibitions in the Due west Building
Exhibitions in the East Edifice
Walkway to West Building and Cascade Cafe in National Gallery of Art, Washington.D.C.
The museum comprises ii buildings: the Due west Edifice (1941) and the East Building (1978) linked by an undercover passage. The W Building, composed of pink Tennessee marble, was designed in 1937 by architect John Russell Pope in a neoclassical style (every bit is Pope'southward other notable edifice in Washington, D.C., the Jefferson Memorial). Designed in the form of an elongated H, the building is centered on a domed rotunda modeled on the interior of the Pantheon in Rome. Extending east and west from the rotunda, a pair of skylit sculpture halls provide its main circulation spine. Bright garden courts provide a counterpoint to the long master axis of the building.
Dome of West Building, an entrance to permanent Renaissance Art collections
Indoor garden court with paired Ionic columns and symmetrical planting beds. August 2021.
The West Building has an all-encompassing collection of paintings and sculptures by European masters from the medieval catamenia through the tardily 19th century, too as pre-20th century works by American artists. Highlights of the collection include many paintings by January Vermeer, Rembrandt van Rijn, Claude Monet, Vincent van Gogh, and Leonardo da Vinci.
In contrast, the design of the East Building, past architect I. M. Pei, is geometrical, dividing the trapezoidal shape of the site into two triangles: one contains public galleries, and the other houses a library, offices, and a written report center. The triangles constitute a motif that is echoed throughout the building, realized in every dimension.
The Eastward Building'due south central feature is a high atrium designed as an open interior court that is enclosed by a sculptural space spanning xvi,000 sq ft (1,500 m2). The atrium is centered on the aforementioned centrality that forms the circulation spine for the Due west Building and is synthetic in the same Tennessee marble.[xv]
Nevertheless, in 2005 the joints attaching the marble panels to the walls began to prove signs of strain, creating a risk that panels might fall onto visitors below. In 2008, NGA officials decided that information technology had become necessary to remove and reinstall all of the panels. The renovation was completed in 2016.[sixteen]
The East Building focuses on modern and gimmicky art, with a collection including works by Pablo Picasso, Henri Matisse, Jackson Pollock, Andy Warhol, Roy Lichtenstein, Alexander Calder, a 1977 mural by Robert Motherwell and works by many other artists. The East Building also contains the main offices of the NGA and a big research facility, Center for Avant-garde Report in the Visual Arts (CASVA). Among the highlights of the Due east Building in 2012 was an exhibition of Barnett Newman'southward The Stations of the Cantankerous series of fourteen black and white paintings (1958–66).[17] Newman painted them after he had recovered from a eye assail; they are usually regarded as the summit of his achievement.[ citation needed ] The series has also been seen as a memorial to the victims of the Holocaust.[18]
The 2 buildings are connected by a walkway beneath fourth street, called "the Concourse" on the museum's map. In 2008, the National Gallery of Art commissioned American artist Leo Villareal to transform the Concourse into an artistic installation. Today, Multiverse is the largest and almost complex light sculpture by Villareal featuring approximately 41,000 reckoner-programmed LED nodes that run through channels along the entire 200 ft (61 thou)-long space.[19] The concourse also includes the food court and a gift store.
The last element of the National Gallery of Art complex, the Sculpture Garden was completed in 1999 after more than 30 years of planning. To the west of the West Building, on the opposite side of 7th Street, the 6.one acres (2.5 ha) Sculpture Garden was designed past mural builder Laurie Olin[20] every bit an outdoor gallery for monumental mod sculpture.
The Sculpture Garden contains plantings of Native American species of awning and flowering copse, shrubs, basis covers, and perennials. A round reflecting puddle and fountain form the center of its design, which arching pathways of granite and crushed stone complement. (The pool becomes an ice-skating rink during the winter.) The sculptures exhibited in the surrounding landscaped area include pieces past Marc Chagall, David Smith, Marker Di Suvero, Roy Lichtenstein, Sol LeWitt, Tony Smith, Roxy Paine, Joan Miró, Louise Bourgeois, and Hector Guimard.[21]
The lobby of National gallery of Art East Edifice
Taken at the exterior wall of National gallery of Art East Building
Renovations [edit]
The NGA's West Building was renovated from 2007 to 2009. Although some galleries airtight for periods of time, others remained open.[22]
After congressional testimony that the Due east Building suffered from "systematic structural failures", NGA adopted a Primary Renovations Plan in 1999. This plan established the timeline for endmost the building, and planned for the renovation of the electronic security systems, elevators, and HVAC.[23] Space between the ceilings of existing galleries and the building'southward skylights (which was never completed when the edifice was constructed in 1978)[23] would exist renovated into two, 23 ft (7.0 chiliad) loftier, hexagonal Tower Galleries. The galleries would have a combined 12,260 sq ft (1,139 mtwo) of space and will be lit by skylights. A rooftop sculpture garden would also exist added. NGA officials said that the Tower Galleries would probably firm modern fine art, and the creation of a singled-out "Rothko Room" was possible.
Get-go in 2011, NGA undertook an $85 one thousand thousand restoration of the East Building's façade.[24] The East Edifice is clad in 3 in (7.half dozen cm) thick pinkish marble panels. The panels are held about 2 in (5.ane cm) away from the wall past stainless steel anchors. Gravity holds the panel in the bottom anchors (which are placed at each corner), while "push head" anchors (stainless steel posts with big, flat heads) at the tiptop corners go on the panel upright. Mortar was used on the gravity anchors to level the stones. Joints of flexible colored neoprene were placed betwixt the panels. This system was designed to let each panel to hang independent of its neighbors, and NGA officials say they are not aware of any other console system like it.
Yet, many panels were accidentally mortared together. Seasonal heating and cooling of the façade, infiltration of wet, and shrinkage of the building'southward structural concrete by 2 in (5.one cm) over time caused extensive harm to the façade. In 2005, regular maintenance showed that some panels were cracked or significantly damaged, while others leaned by more than 1 in (2.5 cm) out from the building (threatening to fall).
The NGA hired the structural technology business firm Robert Silman Associates to decide the cause of the problem.[25] Although the Gallery began raising private funds to gear up the outcome,[25] eventually federal funding was used to repair the building.[24] In 2012, the NGA chose a articulation venture, Balfour Beatty/Smoot, to complete the repairs. Anodized aluminum anchors replaced the stainless steel ones, and the superlative corner anchors were moved to the center of the top border of each stone. The neoprene joints were removed and new colored silicone gaskets installed, and leveling screws rather than mortar used to continue the panels square. Piece of work began in November 2011,[25] and originally was scheduled to end in 2014.[24] By February 2012, however, the contractor said work on the façade would finish in late 2013, and site restoration would have place in 2014.[25] The East Building remained open throughout the project.[22]
In March 2013, the National Gallery of Art announced a $68.four meg renovation to the East Building. This included $38.4 meg to refurbish the interior mechanical found of the structure,[23] and $30 million to create new exhibition space.[22] Because the angular interior space of the East Building made it incommunicable to close off galleries,[23] the renovation required all but the atrium and offices to close by December 2013. The structure remained closed for iii years. The architectural firm of Hartman-Cox oversaw both aspects of the renovation.[23]
A group of benefactors — which included Victoria and Roger Sant, Mitchell and Emily Rales, and David Rubenstein — privately financed the renovation. The Washington Post reported that the donation was one of the largest the NGA had received in a decade.[22] NGA staff said that they would use the closure to conserve artwork, program purchases, and develop exhibitions. Plans for renovating conservation, construction, exhibition prep, groundskeeping, office, storage, and other internal facilities were also fix, but would non be implemented for many years.[23] [26]
Buildings [edit]
-
The West Edifice before long subsequently construction, looking southeast from the National Mall
-
North face of the West Edifice, with the west side of the East Building and the United States Capitol in background
-
S confront of the W Building (2014)
-
Rotunda of the West Building beneath dome (2004)
-
Oculus of the West Building dome (2008)
-
West Edifice sculpture gallery (2007)
-
W Building garden courtroom (2010)
-
Satellite image of National Gallery of Art grounds and surrounding streets (2002)
-
Eye of West Building plaza, looking due west towards Due west Building (2010)
-
Fountain in West Edifice plaza (2010)
-
View of fountain from concourse beneath West Building plaza (2013)
-
Heart of West Building plaza, looking east towards entrance of East Edifice (2000)
-
Due south face of East Edifice, looking northwest from southeast corner (2010)
-
Southwest corner of East Building, looking east (2007)
-
Southwest corner of East Building during renovation, looking northeast (2014)
-
Due east Building atrium (2007)
-
East Building atrium (2007)
Collection [edit]
Gerard van Honthorst's monumental 1623 masterwork, The Concert, was acquired by the NGA in 2013 and went on display for the kickoff time in 218 years.
The NGA'due south collection galleries and Sculpture Garden display European and American paintings, sculpture, works on paper, photographs, and decorative arts. Paintings in the permanent drove date from the Middle Ages to the nowadays. The Italian Renaissance collection includes two panels from Duccio'south Maesta, the tondo of the Admiration of the Magi by Fra Angelico and Filippo Lippi, a Botticelli piece of work on the same subject, Giorgione's Allendale Nativity, Giovanni Bellini's The Feast of the Gods, Ginevra de' Benci (the only painting by Leonardo da Vinci in the Americas) and groups of works by Titian and Raphael.
The collections include paintings past many European masters, including a version of Saint Martin and the Ragamuffin, past El Greco, and works by Matthias Grünewald, Cranach the Elder, Rogier van der Weyden, Albrecht Dürer, Frans Hals, Rembrandt, Johannes Vermeer, Francisco Goya, Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres, and Eugène Delacroix, among others. The collection of sculpture and decorative arts includes such works as the Beaker of Abbot Suger of St-Denis and a collection of piece of work by Auguste Rodin and Edgar Degas. Other highlights of the permanent drove include the second of the ii original sets of Thomas Cole's series of paintings titled The Voyage of Life, (the get-go set is at the Munson-Williams-Proctor Arts Institute in Utica, New York) and the original version of Watson and the Shark by John Singleton Copley (two other versions are in the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston and the Detroit Establish of Arts).
The National Gallery'southward print collection comprises 75,000 prints, in addition to rare illustrated books. Information technology includes collections of works by Albrecht Dürer, Rembrandt, Giovanni Battista Piranesi, William Blake, Mary Cassatt, Edvard Munch, Jasper Johns, and Robert Rauschenberg. The collection began with 400 prints donated by five collectors in 1941. In 1942, Joseph E. Widener donated his unabridged drove of nearly 2,000 works. In 1943, Lessing Rosenwald donated his collection of 8,000 old master and modern prints; between 1943 and 1979, he donated almost 14,000 more works. In 2008, Dave and Reba White Williams donated their collection of more than v,200 American prints.[27]
In 2013, the NGA purchased from a private French collection Gerard van Honthorst's 1623 painting, The Concert, which had not been publicly viewed since 1795. Subsequently initially displaying the 1.23 by 2.06 yard (iv.0 by 6.8 ft) The Concert in a special installation in the West Edifice, the NGA moved the painting to a permanent display in the museum's Dutch and Flemish galleries.[28] Art experts estimated the sale price of The Concert at $xx 1000000, though the NGA did non reveal the amount that information technology had paid.[29]
Highlights of the drove [edit]
Selected highlights from the American collection [edit]
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Thomas Cole, A View of the Mountain Pass Called the Notch of the White Mountains (Crawford Notch), 1839
-
-
-
-
-
-
Run into as well [edit]
- Collections of the National Gallery of Art
- List of original Hermitage paintings in the National Gallery of Art
References [edit]
- ^ The Art Newspaper Review, March 28,2022
- ^ The Art Newspaper almanac museum visitor survey, published March 28,2022
- ^ Fink, Lois Marie "A History of the Smithsonian American Art Museum", University of Massachusetts Press (2007) ISBN 978-ane-55849-616-3, chapter iii
- ^ National Gallery of Fine art website: general introduction Archived December viii, 2006, at the Wayback Motorcar
- ^ National Gallery of Art website: chronology Archived Apr 7, 2010, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ a b "National Gallery of Art, Due west Building". American Compages. Archived from the original on 6 October 2011. Retrieved 2 October 2011.
- ^ "Cultural Landscape Inventory: The Mall (Part 2)" (PDF). U.S. National Park Service. 2006. pp. 49, 53, 72. Retrieved 2021-02-22 .
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ "Major Giving FAQS". world wide web.nga.gov . Retrieved 2022-04-10 .
- ^ Kerr, Euan, "Mia's manager volition go out to head National Gallery", Minnesota Public Radio News, December 11, 2018.
- ^ McGlone, Peggy, "The National Gallery of Art will have a female director for the first fourth dimension in its history", The Washington Mail service, December 11, 2018.
- ^ Greenberger, Alex (2021-05-thirteen). "Latinx Art Expert E. Carmen Ramos Named Chief Curator of National Gallery of Art". ARTnews.com . Retrieved 2021-08-03 .
- ^ Selvin, Claire (2019-09-27). "National Gallery of Art Names Darren Walker Trustee, Mitchell Rales Appointed President". ARTnews . Retrieved 2019-09-28 .
- ^ "National Gallery of Fine art". Maps and Hours. 2016-01-12. Archived from the original on 2016-01-03.
- ^ "Degas at the Opéra". National Gallery of Fine art. 2020-08-25.
- ^ NGA.gov Archived Oct 3, 2009, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Leigh, Catesby (December 8, 2009). "An Ultramodern Building Shows Signs of Age". The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on March eleven, 2016.
- ^ "In The Tower: Barnett Newman". www.nga.gov. Archived from the original on 1 February 2015. Retrieved 22 September 2014.
- ^ Menachem Wecker (August 1, 2012). "His Cross To Deport. Barnett Newman Dealt With Suffering in 'Zips'". The Jewish Daily Forward. Archived from the original on Feb 4, 2013. Retrieved Baronial eight, 2012.
- ^ "Leo Villareal: Multiverse". www.nga.gov.
- ^ "About the Gallery". www.nga.gov. Archived from the original on 22 September 2014. Retrieved 22 September 2014.
- ^ "Visit: Sculpture Garden". www.nga.gov. Archived from the original on 26 September 2014. Retrieved 22 September 2014.
- ^ a b c d Boyle, Katherine and Parker, Lonnae O'Neal. "National Gallery of Art Announces $xxx Million Renovation to East Building." Washington Post. March 12, 2013. Archived April 21, 2016, at the Wayback Motorcar Accessed 2013-03-xiii.
- ^ a b c d e f Boyle, Katherine. "National Gallery Sees Long-Term Benefit in Long Closing of Eastward Building." Washington Mail. March 13, 2013. Archived January six, 2018, at the Wayback Machine Accessed 2013-03-22.
- ^ a b c Kelly, John. "Why National Gallery's East Edifice Shed Its Pinkish Marble Skin." Washington Mail service. February 21, 2012. Archived Jan six, 2018, at the Wayback Machine Accessed 2013-03-13.
- ^ a b c d Dietsch, Deborah K. "National Gallery of Art's Famed E Building Gets a Facelift." Washington Business Journal. February iii, 2012. Archived October 18, 2015, at the Wayback Machine Accessed 2013-03-thirteen.
- ^ "The CIVITAS Chronicles". traditional-building.com. Archived from the original on 2015-03-23.
- ^ "Prints". Nga.gov. 2013-06-xix. Archived from the original on 2013-12-21. Retrieved 2013-12-22 .
- ^ Boyle, Katherine. "National Gallery Acquires 'The Concert' past Dutch Golden Age Painter Honthorst." Washington Post. Nov 22, 2013. Archived August 29, 2017, at the Wayback Machine Accessed 2013-11-22.
- ^ Vogel, Carol "National Gallery Acquires a van Honthorst Masterwork." New York Times. November 21, 2013. Archived Feb 24, 2017, at the Wayback Automobile Accessed 2013-xi-22.
- ^ "Provenance". Nga.gov. Archived from the original on 2009-05-07. Retrieved 2013-12-22 .
Farther reading [edit]
- David Cannadine, Mellon: An American Life, Knopf, 2006, ISBN 0-679-45032-7
- Neil Harris, Capital Civilisation: J. Carter Brownish, the National Gallery of Art, and the Reinvention of the Museum Experience, University of Chicago Press, 2013, ISBN 9780226067704
- Andrew Kelly, Kentucky past Blueprint: The Decorative Arts, American Culture, and the Index of American Blueprint, University Press of Kentucky, 2015. ISBN 978-0-8131-5567-viii
- "The National Gallery of Art, Washington", special number of Connaissance des Arts, Société Français de Promotion Artistique (2000) ISSN 1242-9198
External links [edit]
- Official website
- NGA Collection
- Department of Epitome Collections, National Gallery of Fine art Library
- Eye for Advanced Study in the Visual Arts
Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Gallery_of_Art
0 Response to "When Did the National Gallery of Art Become Free"
Post a Comment